燃料电池氢气排气管路堵水的研究

Study on the Water Plugging in the Hydrogen Exhaust Pipe of Fuel Cell

文章以轨道车辆用燃料电池发电装置为研究对象,着重介绍了燃料电池发电原理以及氢气排气阀工作原理,对燃料电池地面调试试验过程中出现的输出电压低于设定值从而导致系统频繁启动失败的问题进行了深入研究。经过故障排查和理论分析,得到系统在小电流工况下频繁启动失败的主要原因是氢气排气管路堵水导致的阳极液态水积聚、离均差偏大触发报警。建立燃料电池氢气排气管路三维模型,并将氢气排气阀出口至空气管路之间的管路抽取出来进行仿真计算分析,仿真结果充分验证了理论分析的正确性,最后从氢气排气管路产水的机理和物理结构层面优化了氢气排气阀的空间布局,深入研究了此类问题的通用解决方法,可为类似的燃料电池系统开发和调试试验提供参考。

This article takes the fuel cell power generation device for rail vehicles for the object of study,mainly introduces the power generation principle of the fuel cell and the working principle of the hydrogen exhaust valve and studies in depth the frequent system start failure caused by the output voltage lower than the set value present in the ground debugging test of the fuel cell.After troubleshooting and theoretical analysis,it’s concluded that the frequent system start failure in small current condition is mainly caused by the alarm triggered by the accumulation of anodic liquid water and the large deviation from average due to water plugging in the hydrogen exhaust pipe.The 3D model of the hydrogen exhaust pipe of fuel cell is established and the pipe between the outlet of the exhaust valve and the air pipe is extracted from for simulation calculation and analysis,and the simulation result fully verifies the correctness of the theoretical analysis.Finally,the spatial layout of the hydrogen exhaust valve is optimized from the water production mechanism and the physical structure of the hydrogen exhaust pipe and the common solution for this kind of problems is further studied to provide a reference for the development and the debugging test of similar fuel cell systems.