民间枕顶绣纹样类型及其文化美学探析

Research on Folk Pillow Top Embroidery Patterns and its Cultural Aesthetics

针对目前枕顶绣的研究大多数都是从某一地域出发,反映的是某个地方特色研究成果。为了全面了解与认识我国枕顶绣,分别到我国东北、西北、中原、西南、东南沿海等地区,从博物馆的地方民俗文物藏品调查入手,拍照收集实物图像,并查阅当地历史文献,科学统计与分析第一手收集的资料。经过宏观统计,微观实物具象分析,将中国民间枕顶绣的纹样类型分为人物故事、珍禽瑞兽、花草植物、诗文书法、日常器物几大类;定义了枕顶绣纹样的文化寓意,即和与美、福与富、生与死、美与悦。研究认为枕顶绣文化代第传承的历史遗存,传递出祖辈们对美好生活的向往、对后代教育的无声教化、对故土的无比热爱与眷恋的文化意蕴。枕顶绣不仅发挥着应尽的物质使用功能,还承载着民风民俗、人生礼仪、造型观念、审美理想等文化意义的价值取向。

Pillow top embroidery is the decoration of both ends of people's pillows.The most commonly used technique for decoration is embroidery patterns.In the square space of the pillow top,the life ideal and emotional expectation of those who use the pillow are placed.Pillow top embroidery inherits the rich emotional bond,life style,idealhomeland and other humanistic genes of the Chinese,which is one of the marks of differentiating other ethnic Chinese.In line with the universal research route,we went to China's northeast,northwest,Central Plains,southwest,southeast coastal areas and so on.We started with the investigation of local folk cultural relics in museums,consulted local historical literature,scientifically analyzed the first-hand collected data,and constructed the research ideas of this paper through macro statistics and micro physical concrete analysis.The study comprehensively reflects the patterns of folk pillow top embroidery of the Chinese nation,that is,stories of characters,rare birds and animals,flowers and plants,poetry,calligraphy and daily utensils;It redefines the meaning of the embroidered patterns on the pillow top,that is,peace and beauty,happiness and wealth,life andeath,beauty and joy.Convey the grandparents'yearning for a better life,the silent education of the future generations,the love and attachment to the motherland.Pillow top embroidery not only plays the proper function of material use,but also carries the value orientation of cultural significance,such as folk customs,life etiquette,modeling concept and aesthetic ideal.