膜曝气生物膜反应器处理生活污水的脱氮性能研究进展

Research progress of membrane aerated biofilm reactor for nitrogen removal from domestic wastewater

膜曝气生物膜反应器(MABR)作为一项将膜技术与生物处理技术相结合的新型污水处理技术,与传统生物处理技术相比,凭借其极高的氧传输效率而大大降低电耗以及提高水处理效果,成为污水处理领域新的研究热点之一。由于MABR特殊的生物膜结构,使其传质性能优于传统生物膜,并且能够凭借同步硝化反硝化实现高效脱氮除碳的目的。膜组件作为MABR的核心单元,是气体依附膜孔向液相扩散的媒介,同时也是微生物生长的载体。具有特殊结构的膜材料能形成利于脱氮除碳的特殊生物膜结构,从而使MABR实现高效运行。分析了异向传质生物膜结构,论述了MABR运行的基本原理,总结了不同膜材料和运行参数对生活污水MABR脱氮运行性能的影响,并对MABR的研究趋势进行了展望。

Membrane aerated biofilm reactor(MABR),as a new wastewater treatment technology combining membrane technology and biological treatment technology,has become a new research hotspot in the field of wastewater treatment with its extremely high oxygen transfer efficiency(with significant low electricity cost)and more efficient water treatment performance compared with traditional biological treatment technologies.Due to the special biofilm structure,MABR has better mass transfer characteristics than traditional biofilms and is able to achieve efficient nitrogen and carbon removal via simultaneous nitrification and denitrification.As the core unit of MABR,the membrane module is the main medium for the gas to diffuse through the membrane pores and then to reach the liquid phase.Meanwhile,the membrane serves as the carrier for the growth of microorganisms.It is therefore important that the special biofilm structure can be formed for efficient nitrogen removal and decarbonization through such special membrane structure and material,further indicating that the suitable membrane material is beneficial for MABR to achieve better operating performance.The study analyzed the special structure of the biofilm on MABR,and discussed the basic principles of MABR operation.Then the effects of various membrane materials and operating parameters on the operational performance of MABR for nitrogen removal from domestic wastewater were summarized,and an outlook on the research trends of MABR was also given.