大垄双行马铃薯覆膜机关键部件设计与试验

Design and experiment of key components of large monopoly double row potato mulching device

覆膜种植是我国马铃薯主要栽培模式,目前马铃薯覆膜机普遍存在压膜不齐不稳和压膜土壤条带宽窄不一等关键技术问题,根据黑龙江省900mm大垄双行栽培农艺技术要求,采用理论分析研究方法,解析马铃薯覆膜机关键部件圆盘压膜覆土,探明影响圆盘压膜覆土、地膜断裂等主要问题影响因素;结合马铃薯覆膜农艺技术要求,对马铃薯覆膜机完成覆土圆盘优化设计和压膜覆土量分析,确定覆土圆盘主要结构参数及影响覆土量主要因素。采用二次旋转正交组合试验,以作业速度、圆盘偏角、入土深度为试验因素,以膜边覆土合格率为试验指标进行田间试验。试验结果表明,当作业速度为0.50m·s^(-1)、圆盘偏角为21°、入土深度为50mm时,膜边覆土合格率为95.31%,满足马铃薯大垄栽培农艺技术和国家规定的膜边覆土合格率不小于90%要求。

Film planting is the main mode of potato cultivation in China.At present,there are key technical problems such as uneven and unstable film pressure and uneven width of the pressed soil strip in potato mulching machines.According to the agronomic requirements of 900 mm large-monopoly double-row cultivation in Heilongjiang Province,the kinematics of the key components of the potato mulching machine,such as the mulch on discs,were analyzed using theoretical analysis,and the main factors affecting disc film mulch and film breakage were identified;combined with the agronomic requirements of potato mulching,the optimization design of muching disc of potato mulching machine and the analysis of the amount of film mulching were completed,the main structural parameters of the mulching disc and the main factors affecting the amount of mulching were determined.The field test was carried out by using the quadratic rotation orthogonal combination test,taking the working speed,disk declination angle,and soil depth as the test factors,and the qualified rate of membrane edge covering as the test index.The test results showed that when the working speed was 0.50 m·s^(-1),the declination angle of the disc was 21°and the soil depth was 50 mm,the qualification rate of membrane edge soil covering was 95.31%,which met the requirements of potato ridge cultivation agronomic technology and film edge mulch qualification rate not less than 90%stipulated by the state.