当代日本民粹主义与政党政治态势的演变

The Evolution of Contemporary Japanese Populism and the Political Situation of Party Politics

当代欧美发达国家和拉美各国民粹主义盛行,日本作为主要发达国家之一亦不能幸免。但由于日本本身的历史和现实特性,其民粹主义表现形式与其他国家有着较大不同。日本思想文化上根深蒂固的民族主义,以及当代日本政治上施行的议会制民主主义、经济上推行的新自由主义,都是日本民粹主义得以产生和流行的基本条件。当代日本民粹主义的基本形态表现为以下四点:一是既有政党政治与民粹主义型政治家的并存;二是地方政治中民粹主义政党的出现;三是产生“令和现象”,即左翼民粹主义政党的登场;四是所谓“中间层”的弱化及“失去的一代”的生态成为民粹主义的民意支持基础。而当代日本民粹主义流行的结果在于较大程度地改变了日本政党政治的态势,可能会对中日关系造成各种直接或间接的影响。

In the contemporary era of populism in Europe,America and Latin America(from the last decade of the 20th century to today),the election of President of the United States in November 2016 peaked.Japan,as the so-called major western developed country,cannot be immune.However,due to the historical and realistic characteristics of Japan itself,its form of expression is quite different from that of other countries in the world.An analysis on the development and evolution of Japanese populism from the time axis is supposed to help us fully understand the political and social reality of contemporary Japan.It can be said that the original ideological and cultural nationalism is deeply rooted in Japan,but at the same time,the implementation of the so-called parliamentary democracy in politics and the so-called neo-liberalism in economy in contemporary Japan are the basic conditions for the emergence and popularity of populism.According to the relevant investigation,the basic forms of Japanese populism are:first,the coexistence of existing party politics and populist politicians;secondly,the emergence of populist parties in local politics;thirdly,“order and phenomenon”,which means the emergence of left-wing populist parties;fourthly,the weakening of so-called“middle layer”and the ecology of“lost generation”become the public support basis of populism.In fact,the popularity of contemporary populism will change the situation of Japanese party politics to a greater extent.In this regard,we need to be concerned that these changes may have various direct or indirect effects on Sino-Japanese relations.