最近发展区:理论根脉、概念要义与育人价值

The Zone of Proximal Development: Theoretical Underpinning,Conceptual Essential and Educative Significance

维果茨基提出的最近发展区抓住了儿童发展的关键,它是联通心理学与教育学的重要概念。最近发展区立足于马克思的辩证唯物主义哲学观,聚焦人的高级心理机能的发展,其理论意涵指向一种发展性的、多层面的、长期的动态发展过程。面对基础教育领域减负提质的改革诉求,最近发展区的育人启示在于:探索儿童发展的文化历史之源;关注儿童终身能力的持续养成;教育的意义在于创造未来。

Vygotsky s concept of“the zone of proximal development”captures the possibilities of children development,which is a critical concept connecting psychology and pedagogy.Based on Marxist philosophical view of dialectical materialism,the zone of proximal development focuses on the development of higher mental functions.Returning to Vygotsky s discussion of the zone of proximal development,its theoretical connotation points to a developmental,multi-faceted and long-term dynamic process.Facing the reform demand of reducing the burden and improving the quality of basic education,the educative significance of the zone of proximal development is to explore the cultural and historical origin of children development,pay attention to the continuous formation of lifelong capabilities,and constantly create the future by transcending the self.