死者人格利益保护请求权的法理依据与适用规则——《民法典》第994条的关键词评注

Jurisprudential Basis and Applicable Rules of the Right to Claim Protection of Deceased s Personality Interests—Keyword Commentary on Article 994 of the Civil Code

《民法典》第994条规定的死者人格利益保护请求权,是指死者的姓名、肖像、名誉、荣誉、隐私、遗体等人格利益受到侵害,死者的近亲属依法享有的保护死者人格利益,救济造成的损害或者妨害的请求权,包括侵权请求权和人格权请求权。其法理依据,是死者具有部分民事权利能力。条文中的“配偶、子女、父母”和“其他近亲属”,以及“死者”“姓名、肖像、名誉、荣誉、隐私、遗体等人格”“行为人”“民事责任”6个关键词,分别概括了死者人格利益保护请求权的请求权人、保护客体、请求权成立要件、责任人和责任承担的主要内容。

Article 994 of the Civil Code provides for the right to claim protection of the personality interests of the deceased,which refers to the situation when the name,portrait,reputation,honor,privacy,remains and other personality interests of the deceased that have been infringed upon,the deceased s next of kin in accordance with the law enjoy the protection of the personality interests of the deceased to relieve the damage or nuisance caused by the right to claim,including tort and personality rights claim.The legal basis for this is that the deceased is considered to have partial civil rights capacity.In the article,the six key words of“spouse,children,parents”and“other close relatives”,“deceased”,“name,portrait,reputation,honor,privacy,remains and other personality interests”,“perpetrator”and“civil liability”respectively summarize the main contents of the claimant,object of protection,requirements for the establishment of the right of claim,responsible person and liability of the right of protection of the personality interests of the deceased.