历史运动的内在论表达——马克思辩证法的对象与范畴

Internalistic Expression of Historical Movement:Objects and Categories of Marxist Dialectics

哲学家们关于世界的思考原则有超验论和内在论之分,两者的根本区别在于选择世界之外还是世界之内的基点来理解整个世界。近代以来,这两种原则又延伸到关于历史的思考中。康德和黑格尔等超验论者大体从现实世界之外的抽象原则去理解历史,而马克思关于历史的思考则属于一种典型的内在论。马克思的辩证法以实证的原则,从历史的内在要素出发去把握历史的运动和变迁,是一个由实践和物质生活的生产方式作为核心范畴组织起来的多层次范畴体系。其中,实践侧重于揭示历史运动的动力,物质生活的生产方式则是实践在社会层面的表达,是呈现历史的恰切平面。《资本论》的“大逻辑”通过对资本主义生产方式内在自反性的揭示,对这种内在论的历史表达做出了光辉的示范。

principles outside the real world,while Marx's reflections on history are typically internalistic.Marx's dialectics grasps the move-ments and changes of history based on the principles of positivism,starting from the inherent ele-ments of history,it is a multi-level category system organized with practice and the material produc-tion mode as core categories.Among them,practice focuses on revealing the driving force of histori-cal movements,while the material production mode is the expression of the former at the level of so-ciety,which is the appropriate plane for presenting history.By virtue of revealing the internalistic reflexivity of the capitalist mode of production,the"grand logic"of Capital provides a brilliant dem-onstration of this internalistic expression of history.