三叶青地上部分对肉鸡肠道菌群、免疫功能和生长性能的影响

Effects of aboveground parts of Tetrastigma hemsleyanum on the intestinal microflora,immune function and growth performance of broilers

为探究三叶青地上部分(三叶青藤叶)对肉鸡生长性能、免疫功能和肠道菌群的影响,将240只健康肉仔鸡随机分成4组,分别为对照组(饲喂基础日粮)和低剂量组、中剂量组、高剂量组(分别饲喂添加1%、3%、5%三叶青藤叶粉的基础日粮)。测定各组21日龄与42日龄试验鸡只体质量,42日龄试验鸡只免疫器官指数和血清免疫球蛋白A(immunoglobulin A,IgA)、IgG、IgM含量以及盲肠内容物的肠道菌群相对丰度。结果表明:与对照组相比,添加三叶青藤叶粉可显著提高42日龄肉鸡的平均日采食量(P<0.05)和平均日增重(P<0.05),且中剂量组促进效果最明显。同时,低、中剂量组肉鸡胸腺指数和法氏囊指数较对照组显著升高(P<0.05)。各剂量组的肉鸡血清中IgA、IgM含量均显著高于对照组(P<0.05),中、高剂量组的IgG含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。添加适量三叶青藤叶粉(3%)可显著增加毛螺菌科(Lachnospiraceae)和梭菌科(Clostridiaceae)的相对丰度(P<0.05)。上述结果表明,三叶青藤叶粉可显著提高肉鸡的免疫功能,改善肉鸡肠道菌群组成,提高肉鸡生长性能,其中,以添加3%三叶青藤叶粉的促进效果最为显著。

The effects of aboveground parts of Tetrastigma hemsleyanum,T.hemsleyanum leaves(THL),on the growth performance,immune function and intestinal microflora of broilers were evaluated.A total of 240 broilers were randomly divided into four groups:the control group(fed with a basal diet)and low dose group,medium dose group and high dose group(fed with a basal diet supplemented with 1%,3%and 5%THL powder,and denoted as THL-L,THL-M and THL-H,respectively).The body masses of broilers at 21 and 42 days of age in each group was measured,and the immune organ indexes and the contents of immunoglobulin A(IgA),IgG and IgM in serum and the relative abundance of intestinal microflora in cecum contents of broilers at 42 days of age were determined.The results showed that compared with the control group,the supplementation of THL powder significantly enhanced the average daily feed intake(P<0.05)and average daily gain(P<0.05)of broilers at 42 days of age,and the promoting effect of the THL-M group was the best.At the same time,compared with the control group,the thymus index and the bursa of fabricius index of broilers in THL-L and THL-M groups were significantly increased(P<0.05).The contents of IgA and IgM in serum of broilers in THL-L,THL-M and THL-H groups were significantly higher than those in the control group(P<0.05).However,IgG content in THL-M and THL-H groups was significantly higher than that in the control group(P<0.05).The relative abundances of Lachnospiraceae and Clostridiaceae were significantly increased by the supplementation of appropriate amount of THL powder(3%)(P<0.05).This study indicated that T.hemsleyanum leaf powder could significantly improve the immune function,the intestinal microflora composition and the growth performance of broilers,and the most significant effect was found with supplementation of 3%THL powder.