规模奶牛场卫生保健和疾病防治状况调研

Investigation on the Health Care and Disease Prevention and Control in Large-scale Dairy Farms

为探究规模奶牛养殖场卫生保健和疾病防治状况,本调研对我国22个省(市)320个规模奶牛养殖场奶牛常见病的月发病率、发病特点、发病规律、防治措施和理念进行了多维度分析。结果显示,乳房炎依旧是影响收益最严重的疾病;繁殖疾病是导致高死淘率的主要原因;多数奶牛场能将临床型乳房炎、肢蹄病、临床酮病、产后瘫痪、真胃变位和犊牛呼吸道疾病的月发病率控制良好,但隐性乳房炎、子宫炎、胎衣不下、亚临床酮病和犊牛腹泻的月发病率相对较高;奶牛场对常见传染病进行了有效免疫,对干奶期奶牛乳房实施了管理措施。建议进一步增强规模奶牛场疾病防控理念,开展奶牛乳房炎诊断和治疗新技术的科学认知和实践应用推广,提高奶牛的健康和福利水平以提高利用胎次,从而降低因疾病产生的治疗费用和难度,助力奶牛场健康和高效发展。

In order to explore the health care,and disease prevention and control status in large-scale dairy farms,this investigation conducted a multidimensional analysis of the monthly incidence,characteristics,patterns,prevention measures,and concept of common diseases in dairy cows in 320 large-scale dairy farms across 22 provinces(municipalities)in China.The results showed that mastitis remains the most economically impactful disease.Reproductive diseases are a major cause of high death and culling rates.Most dairy farms can effectively control the monthly incidence of clinical mastitis,limb and hoof diseases,clinical ketosis,postpartum paralysis,abomasal displacement,and calf respiratory diseases.However,the monthly incidence of subclinical mastitis,metritis,retained placenta,subclinical ketosis,and calf diarrhea is relatively high.Dairy farms have implemented effective immunization against common infectious diseases and have applied management measures for the udders of dry cows.It is recommended to further enhance the disease prevention and control concepts in large-scale dairy farms,promote scientific understanding and practical application of new technologies for the diagnosis and treatment of mastitis,and improve the health and welfare of dairy cows to extend their reproductive parity,thereby reducing the treatment costs and difficulties associated with diseases and contributing to the healthy and efficient development of dairy farms.