现代汉语会话回应话轮中“我知道”的功能研究

A Study on the Functions of“Wozhidao”(I Know)in Responsive Turns in Mandarin Conversation

基于现代汉语会话语料,文章考察了“我知道”用于回应询问、告知、评价和请求行为时的功能,发现:在回应前面的询问行为时,如果所询问的信息比较具体,单独用“我知道”多凸显说话人和回应者共享有关所谈及对象的知识;如果信息比较笼统,“我知道”叠加则旨在促使说话人继续说下去;在回应告知和评价行为时,如果谈及对象为会话双方共知,回应者用“我知道”来凸显这种共有知识;如果回应者对谈及的对象知之不多,“我知道”在回应话轮中多充当反馈信号,旨在促使说话人继续说下去;在回应前面说话人的请求行为时,“我知道”旨在回避正面的请求,以期安慰请求者,或者对前面说话人的请求表示厌烦。

Based on Mandarin conversation,this article investigated the functions of“Wozhidao(I know)”when it is used as a response to inquiry,telling,assessment,and request.It’s found that:in response to inquiries,if the inquired information is quite specific,the use of“Wozhidao”alone often highlights the shared knowledge of the target of the conversation between the inquir-ers and the respondents;if the information is more general,“Wozhidao”is used to prompt the speaker to continue.In response to the telling and assessment,if the object of the talk is shared by both the speakers and respondents,the respondents use“Wozhidao”to highlight this common knowledge,while if the respondents do not know much about the object of the talk,“Wozhidao”is used by the respondents only as responsive signals,aiming to urge the speakers to continue.In response to the requesting behavior of the previous speaker,“Wozhidao”aims to avoid the positive request so as to comfort the requester,or to show respondents’boredom with the request.