面向国际中文教学的汉字成象表意和以意表词新探

Exploration on the Ideographic Imaging and Word Writing of Chinese Characters in International Chinese Language Teaching

基于国际中文教学的现状与需要,依据汉字学“元点理论”,梳理以《说文解字》为代表的汉字学经典成果,考察常用汉字的生成表意全程,发现:汉字表意是基于词义理解、生活经验和行文条例的“据义表意”,“以意表词”是基于生活经验和行文条例的“意向义迁”、构意居间关联象(字形)和义(义核)、行文条例对应着思维认知规律、会意字与意音字由自语素物化而来的字素拼合而成并通过字素连读表达构意。这些发现,揭举了汉族生活经验和汉语行文条例对汉字研究和中文教学的意义与作用,有望推进科学汉字观的建立、促进汉语语言学和汉语文字学研究及其成果在中文教学领域“求得对立的统一”,利于促成当下通过“形”“义”开展的汉字教学,因为“意”的补足而实现“形音义象融合”并有效提升字词一体的教学效果。

Based on the current situation and needs of international Chinese language teaching and the meta-point theory of Chinese Graphemics,this paper reviews the classic achievements of Chinese Graphemics represented by Shuowen jiezi,and examines the whole process of generation and word writing of common Chinese characters.It is found that the ideography of Chinese characters is the meaning-based ideography based on the understanding of word meanings,life experiences and writing regulations,while word writing is the transfer from images to meanings based on life experiences and writing regulations.It is also found that the construction of meanings is related to the image(glyph)and meaning(semantic core)and the writing regulations that correspond to the cognitive laws of thinking and that the compound ideographs and logogram are combined by graphemes derived from the materialization of free morphemes.These findings reveal the significance and effect of life experiences and writing regulations on the study and teaching of Chinese characters,and are expected to promote the establishment of the scientific concept of Chinese characters and enrich the theoretical research of Chinese linguistics and Chinese philology,which is helpful to achieving the integration of glyph,sound,meaning and image in the teaching of Chinese characters,thus effectively improving the teaching effects of integration of Chinese characters and phrases.