汉晋时期南中文明中心变迁

The Change of the Civilization Center in Southern of the Southwest China from Han Dynasty to Jin Dynasty

在西南夷以自在为主的历史发展时期,西南夷诸族在金沙江南北明显分别形成了滇池和邛都两个较为突出的文明中心。汉开西南夷后,伴随着汉文明的进入、永昌郡的设立,以及东汉初期以前断断续续的汉夷战争,滇池文明地位不断下降,永昌郡治不韦县以南方丝绸之路枢纽中心的地位快速崛起为滇西文明中心,邛都则以其丰富的铜盐资源、优良的农耕条件,吸引大量汉人进入,并以其控扼南丝路西线干道枢纽的区位优势,由邛都夷的文明中心快速成长为西南重镇。东汉中期南中民族大起义,不仅摧残了邛都,也阻断了南丝路西线干道,这时今滇东北的朱提地区因自身丰富的铜矿资源、良好的农业条件,以及南丝路五尺道枢纽的区位优势,迅速崛起新的文明中心。在南中文明中心的这一系列变迁中,不难窥见特定时代专属大宗矿产资源禀赋对文明的影响和塑造力量。

During the historical development period of the Southwest Yi people,which was dominated by freedom,the ethnic groups of the Southwest Yi people clearly formed two more prominent centers of civilization in the north and south of Jinsha River,Dianchi Lake and Qiongdu.After the opening of the Southwest Yi region during the Han Dynasty,with the entry of Han civilization,the establishment of Yongchang County,and the intermittent Han-Yi War before the early Eastern Han Dynasty,the status of Dianchi civilization continued to decline.Buwei county in Yongchang prefecture,as the hub of the Southern Silk Road,quickly rose to become the center of Western Yunnan civilization.Qiongdu,with its rich copper and salt resources and excellent agricultural conditions,attracted a large number of Han people to enter,and with its location advantage of controlling the hub of the western main road of the South Silk Road,it has rapidly grown from the center of civilization in Qiongdu Yi to an important town in southwestern China.In the middle of the Eastern Han Dynasty,the Nanzhong Uprising not only ravaged Qiongdu but also blocked the western main road of the South Silk Road.At this time,due to its rich copper resources,good agricultural conditions,and the location advantage of the Wuchidao hub on the South Silk Road,the Zhuti region in northeastern Yunnan quickly emerged as a new cultural center.In the series of changes in the Nanzhong Civilization Center,it is not difficult to see the profound cultural influence and shaping power of exclusive bulk mineral resources in a specific era.