VR和情绪诱发对学习影响的脑机制及优化策略研究

Study on the Brain Mechanism of the Influence of VR and Emotion-Induced on Learning and the Optimization Strategy

VR学习及以其为支撑的教育元宇宙是当前乃至未来的重要学习形态。依据学习者在VR环境下的大脑认知规律,设计使用适当的VR教学或学习策略,是改善VR学习体验及效果的前提条件。鉴于此,本研究以游戏作为情绪诱发策略融入VR学习,将79名大学生随机分配至视频组、VR组和VR融入情绪诱发组,借助EEG技术探究VR和情绪诱发对学习影响的脑机制问题。结果表明:VR组学习者枕叶区域的Alpha波、Beta波和Gamma波均会显著提升,学习效果也显著优于视频组;VR融入情绪诱发组学习者的额叶和枕叶区域的Alpha波、额叶区域的Beta波、右侧颞叶区域的Gamma波的活跃度都显著提高,前测积极情绪、内部动机和学习效果也都要显著高于VR组及视频组;学习者的颞叶、前中央区域的Beta波、Gamma波越活跃,情绪状态越积极、学习动机水平越高、学习效果也越好。上述研究发现既为使用情绪诱发策略改善VR学习情绪体验和效果提供了脑机制方面的证据,又为VR情境下学习的脑机制探索、打破教育学与神经科学之间的交流障碍提供了研究案例。最后,研究提炼出三条VR教育应用和使用EEG技术开展VR学习脑机制研究的建议,以期为VR环境下的大脑认知规律探索及VR教育应用的良性发展提供参考。

VR learning and the Metaverse of education supported by VR are the important forms of learning at present and even in the future.According to the cognition of the brain in VR environment,designing appropriate VR teaching or learning strategies is the precondition to improve the learning experiences and effects of VR.In view of this,79 college students were randomly divided into video group,VR group and VR combined with emotion-induced group,EEG was used to explore the brain mechanism of the effects of VR and emotion-induced strategies on learning.The results showed that the Alpha,Beta and Gamma waves in the occipital lobe of the VR group were significantly increased,and the learning effect of the VR group was significantly better than that of the video group.In the VR combined with emotion-induced group,the activity of Alpha,Beta and Gamma waves in the frontal and occipital lobes,and right temporal lobes were significantly increased,the pre-test positive emotions,internal motivation and learning effects were also significantly higher than those in the VR and video groups.The more active the Beta and Gamma waves in the temporal lobe and anterior central region,the more active the emotional state,the higher the level of learning motivation,and the better the learning effect.The above findings provide brain mechanism evidence for using emotion-induced strategies to improve the emotional experience and effect of VR Learning.The present study also provides a case study for exploring the brain mechanism of VR learning and breaking the communication barrier between pedagogy and neuroscience.Finally,three suggestions on the application of VR education and the study of the brain mechanism of VR learning using EEG technology were put forward to provide references for the exploration of brain cognitive patterns in VR environment and the better development of VR educational application.