ICU护士社会支持与工作压力相关性调查研究

Correlation between social support and work pressure of nurses in intensive care unit

目的调查重症监护病房(intensive care unit,ICU)护士社会支持与工作压力现状,分析两者的相关性,为降低ICU护士工作压力提供依据。方法于2021年12月,调查福建医科大学附属第二医院的ICU护士,包括ICU护士、小儿ICU及呼吸ICU的护士,采用社会支持评定量表和护士工作压力源量表,采取随机抽样的方法,抽取94名符合要求的调查对象发放问卷,收回有效问卷85份,调查对象男性3名、女性82名,年龄22~42岁,量表结果结合调查对象的一般资料进行分析。统计学方法采用t检验。结果85名护士社会支持总分为(38.85±7.08)分,处于中等水平,小儿ICU[(43.52±6.47)分]、较高护龄[(43.85±5.55)分]、较高职务[(42.56±6.17)分]、已婚的护士[(43.52±6.52)分]社会支持度较高,组间差异有统计学意义(F=6.36、6.23、4.07、-5.49,均P<0.05);ICU护士压力源平均分值为2.43,处于中等水平,护理专业以及工作方面的问题分值最高为(2.56±0.57)分,较高职务和在编状态的职工来自时间分配及工作量问题的压力高[(2.89±0.86)分、(2.82±0.62)分],较高护龄、较高职务、已婚及在编状态的职工来自工作环境及仪器设备问题的压力较大[(2.93±0.86)分、(3.00±0.85)分、(2.48±0.80)分、(2.61±0.79)分];社会支持与ICU护理专业以及工作方面问题呈负相关(相关系数为-0.192,P<0.05),与工作环境及仪器设备问题呈正相关(相关系数为0.353,P<0.05)。结论社会支持能缓解ICU护士的工作压力,但目前对于低护龄、低职务和未婚的ICU护士的社会支持较少,在增加社会支持的情况下需改善ICU护士的工作环境,合理分配各类ICU护士的仪器设备护理管理,以减少ICU护士工作压力。

Objective To study the social support status and working pressure of intensive care unit(ICU)nurses,to explore the correlation between them,and to provide references for reducing the work stress of ICU nurses.Methods In December 2021,94 ICU nurses from Second Hospital,Fujian Medical University,including the nurses from ICU,pediatric ICU,and RICU,were randomly selected for the investigation by the work stress source scale and social support rating scale.A total of 94 questionnaires were distributed to the nurses,and 85 valid questionnaires were collected.There were 3 males and 82 females who were 22-42 years old.The results of the scales were analyzed in conjunction with the nurses'general information.t test was applied.Results The total score of social support for the 85 nurses was(38.85±7.08),and was at a moderate level.The nurses in pediatric ICU(43.52±6.47),with more nursing years(43.85±5.55),with higher positions(42.56±6.17),and who were married(43.52±6.52)had higher levels of social support,with statistical differences between the groups(F=6.36,6.23,4.07,and-5.49;all P<0.05).The average score of ICU nurses'stressors was 2.434,and was at a moderate level.The highest score for nursing professional and work related issues was(2.56±0.57).The nurses with higher positions and on the regular payroll had higher pressure from time allocation and workload issues[(2.89±0.86)and(2.82±0.62)],while those with more nursing years,higher positions,and who were married and on the regular payroll had higher pressure from work environment and equipment issues[(2.93±0.86),(3.00±0.85),(2.48±0.80),and(2.61±0.79)].Social support was negatively correlated with ICU nursing majors and work related issues(r=-0.192,P<0.05),and positively with work environment and equipment issues(r=0.353,P<0.05).Conclusions Social support can alleviate the work pressure of ICU nurses,but currently there is less social support for ICU nurses with fewer nursing years,low positions,and unmarried status.In the context of increasing social support,it is necessary to improve the working environment of ICU nurses,reasonably allocate the equipment and nursing management of various ICU nurses,and reduce work pressure.