“人类中心主义”机制的突破与敞开——论科幻小说《我这样的机器》《克拉拉与太阳》中的人机关系

The Breakthrough and Opening of the Mechanism of“Anthropocentrism”:On the Human-Machine Relationship in the Science Fiction Novels Machines Like Me and Klara and The Sun

麦克尤恩的《我这样的机器》与石黑一雄的《克拉拉与太阳》均是新近讨论人工智能议题最受欢迎的文学代表作品,两部小说共同向读者展示了机器人“敞开”进入人类世界的三种可能性:机器人可以凝视(所看),机器人具有自主的情感意识(所想),机器人还可以创作文学甚至替代人类(所为)。然而,在“人类中心主义”思想机制的能动作用下,机器人的相继毁灭无疑是现代语境下新型“奥斯维辛大门的敞开”。在设想的新型“人机关系”中,当机器人开始具备人类的特征与意识,人类应该共情这一新型他者,审视自身,破除人类中心主义视角的傲慢与偏见,构建人机共享新型的“人类机制”,这些正是小说持存的思考。

Machines Like Me by McEwan and Klara and The Sun by Kazuo Ishiguro are two of the most popular literary representatives of the recent discussion of the topic of artificial intelligence.The two novels show readers three possibilities for robots to“open”into the human world:that is,robots can stare(to look);robots have autonomous emotional awareness(to think);robots can also create literature and even replace humans(to act).However,under the effect of the ideological mechanism of“anthropocentrism”,the successive destruction of robots is undoubtedly the new type of“opening of the door of Auschwitz”in the modern context.In the envisioned new“human-machine relationship”,when robots begin to possess human characteristics and consciousness,human beings should empathize with this new type of other,examine themselves,eliminate the arrogance and prejudice of the anthropocentric perspective,and construct a new type of“human mechanism”shared by both human beings and machines,which are precisely the thoughts that the novels hold.