中国与巴基斯坦公路工程造价标准概况对比

Comparison of China and Pakistan's Highway Engineering Cost Standards

文章梳理了巴基斯坦交通工程方面的主流造价标准,分析了各项标准的特征和适用范围,并以公路造价为例分析了中巴两国造价标准在计算方法和费用组成上的差异性,得到以下结论:巴基斯坦缺少较为全面的工程造价标准,编制投资估算和招标投标价格主要依靠政府部门尤其是公路管理局(NHA)公布的“综合指标表”(CSR),每个指标垂直细分到全国各地区以表征不同地区人材机的价格差异,使用者无需再次分析;在基础费用分类上,以人、材、机作为主要的直接成本,并以此为基础计算管理费、利润、税金等间接成本,与中国造价标准的间接成本主要差异在于其包含了临时工程等一系列承包商需要承担的间接工作,且与招标投标文件中的载明项目清单相对应,CSR中间接成本采用25%的统一费率。

The article summarizes the mainstream estimate standards in transportation engineering in Pakistan,analyzes the characteristics and applicability of each standard,and takes highway estimate as an example to analyze the differences in calculation methods and estimate composition between China and Pakistan's estimate standards.the following conclusion is drawn:Pakistan lacks a relatively comprehensive engineering estimate standard,The preparation of investment estimates and bidding prices mainly relies on the"Composite Schedule of Rates"(CSR)published by government departments,especially the National Highway Authority(NHA).Each indicator is vertically subdivided into different regions across the country to represent the price differences of personnel and machinery in different regions,and users do not need to analyze it again;in terms of basic estimate classification,personnel,materials,and machinery are the main direct estimates,and indirect estimates such as management fees,profits,and taxes are calculated based on this.The indirect estimates are charged at a flat rate of 25%.