2013—2022年广州市番禺区突发公共卫生事件流行病学特征分析

Analysis of epidemiological characteristics of public health emergencies in Panyu District,Guangzhou from 2013 to 2022

目的了解广州市番禺区突发公共卫生事件流行病学特征,为制定有效防控措施提供依据。方法从“中国疾病预防控制信息系统”的子系统“突发公共卫生事件管理信息系统”获取广州市番禺区2013—2022年突发公共卫生事件相关信息,采用SPSS 25.0软件进行统计分析。采用χ^(2)检验。结果2013—2022年广州市番禺区突发公共卫生事件共报告740起,其中传染病事件732起(98.92%),中毒事件8起(1.08%);未分级事件728起(98.38%),一般事件12起(1.62%);死亡5例,均为人感染H7N9禽流感病例。传染病事件报告数由多到少按传染病类别排序依次为乙类传染病、其他传染病、丙类传染病、甲类传染病;按传播途径依次为呼吸道传染病、肠道传染病、自然疫源及虫媒传染病;传染病事件中新型冠状病毒感染主要发生在10—11月,其他传染病发病高峰在1—3月和12月。发病场所主要为学校/幼托机构,病种主要为水痘和诺如病毒感染性腹泻。中毒事件全部为食物中毒,主要为河豚鱼,其次为金黄色葡萄球菌。结论学校/托幼机构为传染病突发公共卫生事件防控重点场所,应在加强呼吸道、肠道传染知识宣教的同时进一步做好相关疾病监测、预警和上报工作。要加强对重症患者的早发现早诊治工作,加强河豚鱼中毒等食物中毒预防知识宣教,增强大众自我防范意识。

Objective The epidemiological characteristics of public health emergencies in Panyu District of Guangzhou were analyzed to provide a basis for formulating effective prevention and control measures.Methods The relevant information of public health emergencies from 2013 to 2022 in Panyu District,Guangzhou was obtained from the subsystem"Public Health Emergency Management Information System"of the"China Disease Prevention and Control Information System",and the SPSS 25.0 software was used for statistical analysis.χ^(2)test was used.Results From 2013 to 2022,a total of 740 public health emergencies were reported in Panyu District,Guangzhou,including 732 infectious disease incidents(98.92%)and 8 poisoning incidents(1.08%);728(98.38%)ungraded incidents and 12 general events(1.62%).There were 5 deaths,all of which were human infection with H7N9 avian influenza.The number of infectious disease events reported in order of infectious disease category was Class B infectious diseases,other infectious diseases,Class C infectious diseases,and Class A infectious diseases.According to the transmission route,it was respiratory infectious diseases,intestinal infectious diseases,and natural sources and insect-borne infectious diseases.Among the infectious disease events,the new coronavirus infection mainly occurred from October to November,and the peak incidence of other infectious diseases was in January to March and December.The site of onset was mainly school/childcare facilities,and the main diseases were varicella and norovirus diarrhea.All poisoning incidents were food poisoning,mainly puffer fish,followed by Staphylococcus aureus.Conclusions Schools/childcare facilities are key places for the prevention and control of infectious disease public health emergencies,and should further do a good job in monitoring,early warning,and reporting of relevant diseases while strengthening the publicity and education of respiratory and intestinal infections.It is necessary to strengthen the early detection and early diagnosis and treatment of seriously ill patients,strengthen the publicity and education on the prevention of food poisoning such as puffer fish poisoning,and enhance the public's awareness of self-prevention.