摘要
清华简中两种战国写本的乐书,反映了传统五声体系在先秦时期的广泛应用。《五音图》以图画的形式记录了以五声为基础的5组音名,应该是一种五弦乐器各弦如何发音的使用说明。《乐风》第一部分的17个双音名与第二部分对于位置关系的表达密切相关,有共同的规律可循。通过对比可知,“次下”“大下”“次上”“大上”分别表示“宫”“商”“徵”“羽”在五弦乐器上的弦位。《乐风》的第一部分记录的是编钟调准时需要达到的音高,第二部分则是在说明如何操作五弦乐器可以得出此音。《五音图》《乐风》两种乐书皆是对于类似曾侯乙墓所出“均钟”的五弦乐器的说明性文件。
The two kinds of music books written during the Warring States period in Tsinghua manuscripts reflect the widespread application of the traditional five tone system in the pre-Qin period.The Wuyintu五音图records five sets of sound names based on the five tones in the form of pictures,which should be a usage instruction on how to pronounce each string of a five stringed instrument.The 17 double tone names in the first part of Yuefeng乐风are closely related to the expression of positional relationships in the second part,and share a common pattern to follow.Through comparison,it can be seen that Cixia次下,Daxia大下,Cishang次上,and Dashang大上respectively represent the string positions of Gong宫,Shang商,Zhi徵,and Yu羽on the five stringed instrument.The first part of Yuefeng records the pitch that needs to be reached when the chime is tuned,while the second part explains how to operate a five stringed instrument to obtain this tone.The Wuyintu and Yuefeng are both explanatory documents for five stringed instruments similar to the Junzhong均钟unearthed from the tomb of Marquis Yi of Zeng.
出处
《出土文献》
2023年第4期11-17,153,154,共9页
Excavated Documents
基金
国家社科基金重大项目“清华大学藏战国竹简的价值挖掘与传承传播研究”(20&ZD309)、“出土简帛文献与古书形成问题研究”(19ZDA250)阶段性成果。
关键词
清华简
乐书
五声
均钟
Tsinghua manuscripts
music books
five tone
Junzhong
