土壤矿质氮及其测定方法研究进展

Research Progress of Soil Mineral Nitrogen and Its Determination Methods

土壤矿质氮是土壤氮素的重要组成部分,在土壤氮素的转化中起重要作用,是反映土壤肥力的一大指标,主要包括硝态氮和铵态氮。土壤矿质氮的累积与土壤微生物、施肥、温度、水分、耕作方式和土地利用方式密切相关。土壤矿质氮的流失可能会造成土壤肥力下降、地表水体富营养化,释放的氧化亚氮会引发温室效应,最终影响人类的生存发展。从土壤矿质氮的组成与来源、影响氮素矿化的因素、矿质氮的提取与测试以及对环境的影响4个方面进行综述,并对各种测试方法进行比较,以期为土壤矿质氮的研究提供依据。

Soil mineral nitrogen is an important component of soil nitrogen,plays an important role in the transformation of soil nitrogen,and is a major indicator reflecting soil fertility,mainly including nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen.The accumulation of soil mineral nitrogen is closely related to soil microorganisms,fertilization,temperature,water,tillage and land use.The loss of soil mineral nitrogen may cause the decline of soil fertility,the eutrophication of surface water and the release of nitrous oxide,which will lead to the greenhouse effect and ultimately affect the survival and development of human beings.This paper summarized the composition and source of soil mineral nitrogen,the factors affecting nitrogen mineralization,the extraction and testing of mineral nitrogen,and the impact on the environment,and compared various testing methods in order to provide a basis for the study of soil mineral nitrogen.