硼烷化合物的合成:从小硼烷分子到多面体硼烷

Synthesis of Borane Complexes:From Small Borane Molecules to Polyhedral Boranes

硼烷是一类重要的含硼化合物,包含反应性较高的小硼烷分子和较稳定的多面体硼烷化合物,广泛应用于能源、材料、医药,特别是作为硼中子俘获疗法(boron neutron capture therapy, BNCT)潜在的硼载体等领域。在一百多年的硼化学发展史中,合成新型硼烷化合物和优化硼烷合成方法始终是硼烷化学研究的重要组成部分。鉴于此,本文系统总结了从小硼烷分子到多面体硼烷以及碳硼烷的合成方法,提供了硼烷化合物的结构和核磁谱图,以期为对硼烷化学感兴趣的读者提供基础知识以及进一步促进改善硼烷化合物的合成方法和探索硼烷化合物的应用。

Borane is a class of boron compounds,including active small borane molecules and relative stable polyhedral borane compounds,and has widely applied in energy storage,material science,and pharmaceutical medicine,especially as promising boron carriers for boron neutron capture therapy(BNCT),and many other fields.The synthesis of new borane molecules and optimization of the synthetic methods of boranes have been a significant part of boron chemistry over the last one hundred years.Herein,we have systematically summarized the syntheses of small borane molecules,polyhedral boranes,and carboranes;we also provided the molecular structures and 11 B NMR spectra of borane compounds.Anticipatedly,this review will provide the basic knowledge for readers interested in borane chemistry and facilitate the readers for improving the synthetic methods of boranes and exploring the application of borane compounds.