育肥饲料中添加β-胡萝卜素对中华绒螯蟹雌体卵巢发育、抗氧化免疫性能和组织色泽的影响

EFFECT OF DIETARYβ-CAROTENE ON OVARY DEVELOPMENT,ANTIOXIDANT CAPABILITY,IMMUNITY,AND TISSUE COLOR OF ADULT FEMALE CHINESE MITTEN CRAB,ERIOCHEIR SINENSIS

为研究饲料中添加β-胡萝卜素对中华绒螯蟹成体雌蟹育肥效果的影响,分别在饲料中添加不同浓度的人工合成β-胡萝卜素,配制五组实验饲料(β-胡萝卜素测定含量分别为3.3、56.7、108.9、207.9和320.0 mg/kg)投喂生殖蜕壳后雌蟹,评价了饲料中添加β-胡萝卜素对增重率(WGR)、性腺指数(GSI)、肝胰腺指数(HSI)、常规生化组成、抗氧化和免疫指标、色泽参数和类胡萝卜素含量的影响。结果显示:(1)饲料中添加人工合成β-胡萝卜素对雌蟹育肥期间的WGR、GSI和HSI均无显著影响,但饲料中添加β-胡萝卜素显著增加了中华绒螯蟹肝胰腺中总脂含量;(2)就抗氧化和免疫指标而言,肝胰腺和血淋巴中SOD、T-AOC、GSH-Px、AKP和ACP免疫相关酶活均随着饲料中β-胡萝卜素添加量的增加呈“先增加后降低”的变化趋势,饲料中β-胡萝卜素含量为100~200 mg/kg时,组织中抗氧化和免疫相关酶活最高;(3)卵巢、肝胰腺和蟹壳中虾青素和β-胡萝卜素含量均随着饲料中β-胡萝卜素添加量的增加而显著增加,但饲料中添加β-胡萝卜素仅显著增加了卵巢和肝胰腺红度值(a^(*))。综上,饲料中添加人工合成β-胡萝卜素对中华绒螯蟹雌体育肥期间的增重率和性腺发育无明显影响,但添加适量β-胡萝卜素可以提高中华绒螯蟹抗氧化免疫性能、组织色泽及其类胡萝卜素含量,综合考虑各项指标及饲料成本,建议中华绒螯蟹雌体育肥饲料中人工合成β-胡萝卜素的适宜含量为100 mg/kg左右。研究结果不仅有助于了解β-胡萝卜素对甲壳动物生理功能的影响,而且有助于中华绒螯蟹功能性饲料的开发。

To investigate the effects of dietary supplementation of syntheticβ-carotene on weight gain rate(WGR),gonadosomatic index(GSI),hepatosomatic index(HSI),proximate composition,antioxidant status,color parameters,and carotenoid content of adult female Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis,five diets containing 3.3,56.7,108.9,207.9,and 320.0 mg/kgβ-carotene(denoted as Diets 1~5,respectively)were formulated to feed E.sinensis that have completed puberty molting.Results show that:(1)Although the WGR,specific growth rate(SGR)and HSI of adult female E.sinensis was not affected by dietaryβ-carotene supplementation,significant promotion of lipid content was observed in the hepatopancreas ofβ-carotene supplemented treatments.(2)Indicators of antioxidant capacity(T-AOC,MDA,GSH-Px)and immunity(AKP,ACP)in the hepatopancreas and hemolymph showed an apparent trend of“low-high-low”with the increase of dietaryβ-carotene supplementation,and the highest levels were observed in the 100 to 300 mg/kg treatments.(3)Dietaryβ-carotene significantly improved the redness(a^(*))of carapace and hepatopancreas,which agreed with the significantly increased astaxanthin and total carotenoid concentrations in these tissues from different treatments.Therefore,the supplement ofβ-carotene in diet had no effect on WGR and gonad development of adult female E.sinensis,but enhance the antioxidative capability,non-specific immunity,color and luster,and tissue carotenoid contents.Based on these results,the optimalβ-carotene content in the diets was around 100 mg/kg for adult female E.sinensis.The research findings not only contribute to understanding the impact ofβ-carotene on the physiological functions of crustaceans but also facilitate the development of functional feeds for E.sinensis.