“自然”在爱默生、梭罗和惠特曼创作中的多重含义

The Multi-layered Meanings of the Concept of Nature in Emerson,Thoreau and Whitman

在19世纪美国经典作家中,无论对爱默生、梭罗还是惠特曼,“自然”都是一个核心词汇,在哲学层面上,“自然”发挥着吹响突破陈旧习俗号角的作用,在思维上帮助打破过往思想的羁绊,在民族意识层面上,“自然”是一把利器,开向通往国家概念的道路。更重要的是,作为一种话语方式,它起到聚合“个人主义”观念的作用,并在很大程度上成为美国人生活里文化和政治表述中不可或缺的内容。

Among the 19th century classical American writers,for Emerson,Thoreau and Whitman,“nature”is always a key word.It plays the role of breaking up with the old traditions and old thoughts on the level of philosophy and way of thinking.It also helps to cultivate the idea of the nation.And more importantly,it leads to the formation of individualism,which has become an indispensable part of culture and politics in American life.