自由帝国的魔哥士、巴德与酒鬼:论《暴风雨》中的凯尔特-加勒比想象

The Magus,Bard and Drunkard in Liberal Empire:The Celtic Imagination of the Caribbean in The Tempest

莎士比亚《暴风雨》的创作资源,除同时期与殖民加勒比的历险相关的文献以外,还包括不列颠凯尔特谱系学文献,后者为加勒比想象的开展提供了文化政治语码:普洛斯帕罗这一英格兰詹姆斯一世的替身与《霍林谢德编年史》中凯尔特王魔哥士一样,均是法术之王;加勒比荒岛的第一代土著爱丽儿与不列颠土著凯尔特人一样,共享一套“巴德”歌唱传统;谋反的斯蒂番诺与不列颠反叛的凯尔特人一样,均有酗酒的特征。《暴风雨》中的凯尔特-加勒比想象不仅迎合了英格兰詹姆斯一世欲借由子女联姻扩大英吉利之欧陆势力的帝国希冀,更召唤了英帝国日后应对殖民统治中的暴风骤雨时所采用的自由帝国模式。

It has already been proved that the contemporaneous documents relating to the colonial adventures to the Caribbean are important sources for Shakespeare to plot The Tempest.The paper adds into the pool the neglected genealogical literatures of the Celtic Britain,which provide the cultural and political codes for Shakespeare's Caribbean imagination.Prospero,the double of James I of England,is as much a prince of magic art as Magus,the second Celtic king in Holinshed's Chronicles.Ariel,the first inhabitant of the Caribbean desert island shares the same Bardic tradition with the indigenous Celts of Britain.The rebellious Stephano,like the rebellious Celts of Britain,is also characterized by alcoholism.The Celtic imagination of the Caribbean in The Tempest not only appeals to James I's imperial aspirations to expand the English power over the Continent through the marriage of his children,but also summons the model of liberal empire which the British Empire would later take in responding to the vicissitudes faced in colonial governance.