光伏组件遮阴对喀斯特地区植物群落结构的影响

Effects of partial shading by photovoltaic panels on grassland community structure in Karst area

光伏场区植物群落结构空间分异格局反映植物对场区异质生境的适应性。以云南东川光伏场区植物群落为研究对象,通过对遮阴程度增加的对照、前檐、后檐和板下开展植物群落学调查,分析光伏场区植物群落结构特征。结果表明:1)光伏组件遮阴程度增加,黄茅(Heteropogon contortus)重要值由94.21降低至6.85(P<0.05),白苞猩猩草(Euphorbia heterophylla)重要值由3.35增加至39.60(P<0.05),白苞猩猩草替代黄茅成为板下群落优势种;2)光伏组件遮阴显著降低群落植株密度和优势度指数(P<0.05),显著提高物种多样性指数(P<0.05),遮阴程度越高,遮阴区群落与对照区群落物种相似性越低;3)遮阴后群落功能群种类增加,优势功能群由多年生丛生禾草过渡为多年生杂类草,遮阴区出现一年生丛生禾草或一年生杂类草。综上,云南东川光伏组件遮阴程度增加伴随草地植物优势种更替,多样性和功能群种类增加,植物群落结构呈现复杂化的变化趋势。

The spatial differentiation of plant community structure reflects the adaptability of plants to the heterogeneous micro-habitat formed by photovoltaic panels shading.Based on field investigations of photovoltaic stations in Dongchuan,Yunnan Province,China,this study explored the variances in plant community structure among the full sunlight area,the front eaves,the rear eaves,and the underside of the panel with increasing shading.The results showed that:1)the important value of Heteropon contortus decreased from 94.21 to 6.85(P<0.05),whereas the important value of Euphorbia heterophylla increased from 3.35 to 39.60(P<0.05)along with increased shading,indicating that the dominant species in the community were replaced.2)The plant density and dominance index decreased significantly with increased shading,while the species diversity index increased significantly.The higher the shading degree,the lower the species similarity between the shading area and the full sunlight area.3)The diversity of plant functional groups increased after shading.Annual bunch grasses or annual forbs appeared in the shading area,and the dominant functional groups changed from perennial bunch grasses to perennial forbs.The results indicated that the dominant native grassland plant species were replaced,the diversity and functional group species were increased,and the plant community structure presented a complex change trend along with increased shading of photovoltaic panels in Dongchuan,Yunnan Province.