优质饲用灌木新品种‘鄂西北’美丽胡枝子选育

Breeding of a new forage shrub variety of Lespedeza formosa‘Exibei’with high quality

针对长江中下游中低山及丘陵地区夏季优质豆科牧草新品种匮乏的现状,以草产量高、品质优良且对高温高湿条件适应性强为育种目标,利用湖北省农业科学院畜牧兽医研究所开发神农架林区乡土资源,采用单株选择和混合收种系谱选择法,历经13年选育出饲用型灌木新品种‘鄂西北’美丽胡枝子(Lespedeza formosa‘Exibei’),通过2021年全国草品种审定委员会审定,登记为野生栽培品种。新品种在湖北、湖南、安徽等地生长状况良好,平均干草产量5.16 t·hm^(-2),较对照品种‘晋农1号’达乌里胡枝子(L.davurica‘Jinnong No.1’)和‘延边’二色胡枝子(L.bicolor‘Yanbian’)增产比率分别为353.52%和538.55%,差异显著(P<0.05)。通过综合评价,新品种丰产性和稳定性最好;品质优良,分枝期的粗蛋白含量为13.1%,粗脂肪含量为2.19%,中性洗涤纤维含量为50.9%,酸性洗涤纤维含量为36.9%;抗逆性强,无病虫害,是南方栽培草地建植、草山草坡改良和水土保持的适宜品种。

The breeding aims were high grass yield,good quality,and strong adaptability under high temperature and humidity conditions to solve the shortage of summer legume forage in the middle and low mountain and hilly areas of the Yangtze River.Natural germplasm materials were collected from Shennongjia Forestry District by the Poultry and Veterinarian Institute of Hubei Academy of Agricultural Science.Single plant selection and mixed harvesting offspring were used.The new forage shrub strain named Lespedeza formosa‘Exibei’was bred after 13 years of continuous effort and approved by the National Grass Variety Approval Committee in 2021.The type was a wild domesticated variety that grows well in Hubei,Hunan,Anhui,and other provinces.The average hay yield of the new variety was 5.16 t·ha^(−1)(353.52%higher than that of‘Jinnong No.1’and 538.55%higher than that of‘Yanbian’)and differed significantly from that of the two control varieties(P<0.01).It had more abundant productivity,better stability,and excellent quality.The crude protein,crude fat,neutral detergent fiber(NDF),and acid detergent fiber(ADF)contents in the branching stage were 13.1%,2.19%,50.9%,and 36.9%,respectively.The new variety also had strong resistance and was disease-free.It was suitable for cultivated grassland construction,grassy hills and slope improvement,and water and soil conservation in southern China.