知识的跨国流通:竺可桢对哈佛大学地理学传统的继承与发展

Transnational Circulation of Knowledge:Zhu Kezhen's Inheritance and Development of the Academic Tradition of Geography at Harvard University

竺可桢曾在哈佛大学地质学与地理学系研修5年时间。这段青年时期的求学经历一方面将他带入到独具特色的哈佛大学现代地理学的学术流派之中,另一方面也为他日后成为我国近代地理学和气象学的奠基者打下了坚实的基础。竺可桢对人文地理学的倡导,以及在历史气候学、气候变迁等方面的研究,都深刻地受到其导师华德的影响。在输入西学新知的同时,竺可桢亦在研究中重视挖掘中国古代丰富的气象学知识,并以此贡献于世界学术,实现了地理学知识的跨国交流。本研究在搜集竺可桢留学档案的基础上,采用跨国史的研究方法,力图呈现近代中国科学与世界学术之间相互关联与互动的整体图景。

Zhu Kezhen(竺可桢,Coching Chu)studied meteorology in the Department of Geology and Geography at Harvard for five years.On the one hand,this studying experience brought him into the unique academic school of modern geography at Harvard University,and on the other hand,it also laid a solid foundation for him to be the founder of modern geography and meteorology in China.Zhu's advocacy of human geography,as well as his research on historical climatology and climate change,was deeply influenced by his supervisor Robert D.Ward.While importing new knowledge from the West,Zhu also excavated the rich meteorological knowledge of pre-modern China in his research.By doing this,he contributed to the world's academic knowledge and realized the transnational exchange of geographical knowledge.Based on the collection archives of Zhu's time spent studying in America,this article adopts the method of transnational history,presenting a comprehensive picture of the entanglement and interaction between modern Chinese science and world academia.