1岁内反复呼吸道感染患儿危险因素分析

Analysis of Risk Factors in Children with Recurrent Respiratory Infection Aged One Year Old

目的 探讨1岁内反复呼吸道感染(recurrent respiratory infection, RRI)患儿的危险因素,以期为临床防治RRI提供参考依据。方法 方便选取2022年1—12月东莞市滨海湾中心医院儿科收治的160例1岁内呼吸道感染(respiratory infection, RI)患儿作为研究对象,根据其RI次数分为反复组(n=80)与治愈组(n=80),收集两组各项临床资料,采用多因素Logistic回归分析其危险因素。结果 单因素分析结果显示,两组患儿在早产史、低出生体质量、住院史、维生素A/E缺乏、低血钙症、被动吸烟、日活动时间、母乳喂养、一氧化氮(fractional exhaled nitric oxide, FeNO)水平方面进行比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。将存在统计学意义的变量纳入多因素Logistic回归分析模型中,Logistic回归结果显示,有早产史、低出生体质量、维生素A/E缺乏、被动吸烟、日活动时间、FeNO水平是引起1岁内RRI的独立危险因素(OR=1.894、1.385、2.275、1.430、2.096、2.145,P<0.05)。结论 引起1岁内RRI的独立危险因素较多,临床需重视低出生体质量儿童,定期检测其FeNO水平,并增加其日活动时间,及时补充维生素A/E,嘱咐家长戒烟,避免被动吸烟导致RRI发生。

Objective To explore the risk factors of recurrent respiratory infection(RRI)in 1 year old children,in order to provide reference for clinical prevention and treatment of RRI.Methods A total of 160 children with respiratory infection(RI)within 1 year old admitted to the Department of Pediatrics,Binhaiwan Central Hospital of Dongguan City from January to December 2022 were selected as the research objects.According to the number of RI,they were divided into repeated group(n=80)and cure group(n=80).The clinical data of the two groups were collected,and the risk factors were analyzed by multivariate Logistic regression.Results The results of univariate analysis showed that there were statistically significant differences between the two groups of children in the history of premature delivery,low birth weight,history of hospitalization,vitamin A/E deficiency,hypocalcemia,passive smoking,daily activity time,breastfeeding,and fractional exhaled nitric oxide(FeNO)levels(P<0.05).Variables with statistical significance were included in the multivariate logistic regression analysis model.Logistic regression results showed that history of premature delivery,low birth weight,vitamin A/E deficiency,passive smoking,daily activity time,and FeNO level were independent risk factors for RRI within 1 year old(OR=1.894,1.385,2.275,1.430,2.096,2.145,P<0.05).Conclusion There are many independent risk factors that cause RRI within the first year of life.Clinical attention should be paid to children with low birth weight,their FeNO level should be regularly detected,their daily activity time should be increased,vitamin A/E should be supplemented in time,and parents should quit smoking to avoid the occurrence of RRI caused by passive smoking.