《史记》中“而”的几种篇章语用功能和标记作用

The Pragmatic and Marking Functions of “Er(而)” in Shiji

“而”在《史记》中作为语用方式有3种类型,其有别于一般的连词“而”,展现出更多功能词的面貌。与常见的连词“而”相比,在某些语境下“而”可用于凸显主观性评价,增强前后文意对比;也可以引介、串联先后两处隐藏因果关联的事件;还可以提点、编排不同的独立事件,起到铺陈叙事的效果。从功能上看,一般的连词“而”侧重于句法手段,这些特殊的“而”突出的是语用手段,应将其视为一类特殊的标记词。

In Shiji,“er(而)”,different from its common usage as a conjunction,displays three types of pragmatic function.First,“er”can be used in certain contexts to highlight subjective evaluation and strengthen the contrast in the context.Second,it is used to introduce and connect two hidden causal events in sequence.Last,it can also point out and arrange independent events,playing a role in laying out the narrative.From a functional perspective,the general conjunction“er”focuses on the syntactic function,while the special“er”highlights its pragmatic function.Therefore,it should be regarded as a special type of discourse markers.