我国科研数据开放共享政策供需匹配研究

Research on the Match between Chinese Research Data Open Sharing Policy Supply and User Demand

了解我国科研数据开放共享政策供需匹配情况,可有效揭示供需利益主体诉求,对优化、调整政策具有重要意义。在厘清供需主体及其作用关系基础上,构建包括5个一级维度、17个二级维度的匹配指标体系,利用内容分析法对收集得到的61份政策文本编码统计得到供给端匹配序值,使用问卷调查法对用户需求进行实证调查,获取需求端匹配序值,最后从内容匹配度和环境匹配度两个方面分析供需匹配情况。结果显示,当前我国科研数据开放共享政策整体供需匹配良好,但数据可用性、分级分类、基础设施建设、平台服务能力、评价机制的匹配度相对较低,其中数据可用性和平台服务能力需求大而供给不足,分级分类、平台基础建设、评价机制均呈现供过于求的特征,反映出由于科研主体认知不足或动机较弱导致的供给过剩以及政策短板等供需不平衡问题。

Understanding the supply-demand matching of policy on openness and sharing of scientific research data is significant important for the optimization and adjustment of policies.On the basis of clarifying the supply and demand entities and their functional relationships,we constructed a matching indicator system consisting of 5 first level dimensions and 17 second level dimensions;The content analysis method is used to code 61 policy texts to obtain the matching order value of the supply side;The questionnaire survey method is used to conduct an empirical survey on user needs to obtain the matching order value of the demand side;Finally,the supply and demand matching is analyzed from two aspects of content matching and environment matching.At present,the overall supply and demand matching of China's open sharing policy for scientific research data is good,but the matching degree of data availability,hierarchical classification,infrastructure construction,platform service capacity,and evaluation mechanism is relatively low.Among them,the demand for data availability and platform service capacity is large but the supply is insufficient.The hierarchical classification,platform infrastructure construction,and evaluation mechanism all show a feature of oversupply,reflecting the imbalance between supply and demand,such as policy weaknesses and oversupply caused by insufficient understanding or weak motivation of research subjects.