中西语境中教育治理的理论、政策与实践差异

Education Governance in Chinese and Western Contexts:Differences in Theory,Policy and Practice

教育治理体系与治理能力现代化的推进对于建设教育强国具有重要意义。西方教育治理,在理论上以新公共管理理论为主导框架,强调价值共识、多元主体参与;在政策上偏向管理主义;在实践上采取分散化治理模式,强调自治、竞争、参与、评价和问责。中国教育治理,在理论上以中国式科层制理论为主导框架,强调整体利益、协同合作;在政策上偏向共同体主义;在实践上强调法治、公平、协调与认同。制度、文化和情境是导致中西语境中教育治理理论、政策与实践差异形成的主要影响因素。教育治理话语的建构不仅在于解释教育世界,而且也在于改造教育世界,从而服务于一个国家、民族、社会的建设与发展。因此,中西教育治理话语对实践均具有一定的解释力与能动性,也都存在着一定的局限。

It is of great significance to promote the modernization of the educational governance to build a better educated country.Through textual analysis and comparative research,it is found that Western educational governance is based on the new public management theory as the dominant framework,which emphasizes value consensus and multi-subject participation as its theory,favors managerialism as its policy,and emphasizes autonomy,competition,participation,evaluation and accountability as its practice.China's educational governance is a Chinese bureaucracy which emphasizes holistic interests and collaboration in its theory,favors communitarianism in its policy,and emphasizes legalism,fairness,coordination,and agreement in its practice.Institution,culture and context are the main reasons for the differences between the theory,policy and practice of educational governance in the Chinese and Western contexts.The construction of educational governance discourse is not only to explain the educational world,but also to transform it,so as to serve the construction and development of a country,a nation and a society.Both Chinese and Western educational governance discourses share certain explanatory power and limitations in practice.