聚众淫乱罪的法理嬗变:从道德家长主义到公序良俗

The Legal Evolution of the Crime of Assembled Pruriency:From Moral Paternalism to the Principle of Public Order and Good Custom

我国聚众淫乱罪采取的刑法干预,系一种道德家长主义模式,它主张通过法律强制,防止行为人对其本人的道德损害。在具体内涵上,道德家长主义可划分为“家长式道德”与“道德家长制”两个层次。从聚众淫乱罪的立法溯源、现行规定及司法案例来看,皆可得见道德家长主义的深刻影响。随着社会的发展,来自自由主义的思想冲击和法秩序统一的规范需要,构成了道德家长主义模式的现实困境。在民刑共治时代,由公序良俗原则取代道德家长主义,是保障公民自由、从公私不分走向公私法一体化的应然选择。在具体适用时,刑法应将公序良俗定位为弱调节性出罪原则;在公序良俗原则指导下,聚众淫乱罪的适用应围绕着淫乱活动的公开性、淫乱行为的交易性、淫乱方式的限定性等路径展开。

The intervention mode of criminal law adopted by the crime of assembled pruriency is a type of moral paternalism mode,which advocates to prevent the perpetrator from doing moral damage to himself through legal compulsion.In terms of concrete connotation,moral paternalism can be divided into two levels:“Paternalistic morality”and“moral paternalization”.The profound influence of moral paternalism can be seen in the legislative origins,current regulations and judicial cases of the crime of gathering fornication.With the development of society,the ideological impact from liberalism and the normative need of the unity of law and order constitute the realistic dilemma of the mode of moral paternalism.In the era of co-governance of civil law and criminal law,replacing moral paternalism with the principle of public order and good custom is the necessary choice to prevent criminal law from crossing the boundary,safeguard civil freedom,and move from the separation of public and private law to the integration of public and private law.In order to avoid the revival of moral paternalism,the criminal law should position public order and good custom as the principle of weak regulation.