随迁还是留守:异地入学门槛对农村流动人口子女的影响

Moving Together or Leaving Behind:The Impact of School Enrollment Policy on the Children of Rural Migrants

在新型城镇化和城乡融合发展的背景下,经济可持续发展亟须提高农村家庭人力资本积累质量,解决流动人口子女入学问题。本文构建了流动人口子女义务教育入学门槛指数。研究发现,入学门槛显著增加了流动人口学龄子女留守概率,能解释留守概率区域差异的9.2%。入学门槛对于流入一、二线城市,流入地住房或教育价格更高,母亲受教育程度低的流动子女和女孩更为不利。积分制入学缓解了房价的不利影响;2014年以来的户籍改革降低了留守概率。

In the context of urban-rural integration,economic development requires removing barriers to schooling of migrant children.We construct a School Enrollment Restriction Index(SERI)based on policies and find the differences in SERI can explain 9.2 percent of the regional differences.Such an effect is more salient among children whose parents are moving to first-and second-tier cities or cities with higher housing and educational cost,and whose mothers have lower education.Decrease of SERI benefits boys more.The point enrollment system alleviates the impact of housing cost and the 2014 Hukou reform reduces the probability of being left-behind.