困境与破局:韩国教师流动制度的演进历程、优化路径与经验审思

Dilemma and Breakthrough:Retrospect and Reflection on the Construction of Teacher Mobility System in South Korea

韩国教师流动制度的发展历经区域间师资失衡困境的突破、追求职业投入愿景的耦合以及提升学校教育力旨归的并进三个阶段,并且在不同阶段具体面临教师流动呈现单向性、教师个人生活与职业发展产生冲突以及流动教师文化适应等现实困境。同时,韩国采取突出教师身份支持、尊重教师个体意愿、强化激励措施、推行教师聘任制、重视教师入职研修与专业共同体建设等优化策略,实现了教师流动从配置性均衡到发展性均衡的演变。有鉴于此,我国教师流动制度应该在渐进性改革的基础上密切关注制度在不同时代背景下所衍生的各种问题,并配套互补性制度的改革与创新,切实关照作为“局内人”的教师的利益,提升流动主体的获得感,积极探索符合我国国情的教师流动模式。

Taking the teacher mobility system in South Korea as the research object,it is found that the teacher mobility system in different periods implies different value demands,such as maintaining the balance of teachers among regions,pursuing higher professional engagement of teachers,and improving school education ability.In various stages,it is faced with such realistic difficulties as the unidirectional teacher mobility,the conflict between teachers'personal life and professional development,and the cultural adaptation of rotating teachers.At the same time,South Korea has adopted such practical strategies as highlighting teachers'identity support,respecting teachers'individual will,strengthening incentive measures,implementing a teacher invitation scheme,attaching importance to teacher induction training and professional community construction,etc.Through the review of the teacher mobility system in South Korea,it is found that the teacher mobility system should pay close attention to various problems derived from the system at different times based on progressive reform,and support the reform and innovation of the complementary system,take care of the interests of teachers as"insiders",and actively explore the teacher mobility model that is in line with our national conditions.