严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2(SARS-CoV-2)疫苗研究进展

Research progress in vaccines of SARS-CoV-2

2019冠状病毒病(COVID-19)是严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2(SARS-CoV-2)感染引起的,SARS-CoV-2病毒毒株不断突变、进化。疫苗研究是控制COVID-19最直接、最有效的方式,根据制备机制不同,SARS-CoV-2疫苗分为灭活病毒疫苗、减毒活疫苗、mRNA疫苗、DNA疫苗、病毒载体疫苗、病毒样颗粒疫苗和蛋白亚单位疫苗等。其中,病毒蛋白亚单位疫苗因其安全性、有效性高具有广泛应用前景,病毒核衣壳蛋白免疫原性高,可变性较低,可作为疫苗制备新方向。我们通过梳理SARS-CoV-2疫苗研究进展、疫苗安全性、疫苗免疫效率等方面,总结疫苗研究的发展现状,并提出可能的研制策略,以期为今后防疫工作提供参考。

Since the outbreak of corona virus disease 2019(COVID-19),viral strains have mutated and evolved.Vaccine research is the most direct and effective way to control COVID-19.According to different production mechanisms,severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)vaccines included inactivated virus vaccine,live attenuated vaccine,mRNA vaccine,DNA vaccine,viral vector vaccine,virus-like particle vaccine and protein subunit vaccine.Among them,viral protein subunit vaccine has a wide application prospect due to its high safety and effectiveness.Viral nucleocapsid protein has high immunogenicity and low variability which could be a new direction for vaccine production.We summarized the current development of vaccine research by reviewing the current progress,vaccine safety and vaccine immune efficiency.It is hoped that the proposed possible development strategies could provide a reference for epidemic prevention work in future.