自然杀伤细胞在抗感染和肿瘤治疗中的作用

The role of natural killer cells in anti-infection and tumor therapy

自然杀伤(NK)细胞是机体固有免疫系统的重要组成部分,作为抵抗病原体的第一道防线,需要在各种细胞信号分子和转录因子的调控下,转变为成熟状态而发挥细胞毒作用和免疫调节作用。在表面活化型受体与抑制型受体相互作用下,NK细胞活化,通过分泌穿孔素和颗粒酶,行使直接的细胞杀伤作用,或者通过分泌各种细胞因子,如Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型干扰素,间接清除体内的病原微生物。NK细胞的这些作用在抗病毒和抗自身免疫性疾病等,尤其是在抗肿瘤方面具有非常重要的作用。

Natural killer(NK)cells are an important part of the body’s innate immune system.As the first line of defense against pathogens,they need to be transformed into a mature state under the control of various cell signaling molecules and transcription factors to play cytotoxic and immune regulatory roles.Under the interaction of activated receptors and inhibitory receptors,NK cells are activated to perform a direct cell killing effect by secreting perforin and granzyme,or indirectly eliminate pathogenic microorganisms in the body by secreting various cytokines,such as typeⅠand typeⅡinterferons.These functions of NK cells play a very important role in antiviral and anti-autoimmune diseases,especially in anti-tumor.