长非编码RNA在2型糖尿病和妊娠糖尿病中的作用及研究进展

The Role and Research Progress of Long Non-Coding RNA in Type 2 Diabetes and Gestational Diabetes

糖尿病是一种以高血糖为主要特征的代谢性疾病,严重危害人们的健康。长非编码RNA(long non-coding RNA,lncRNA)是一种不编码蛋白质的RNA,广泛参与基因的表达调控过程,且与糖尿病发病机制密切相关。LncRNA可调节胰岛素分泌导致胰岛素抵抗、调节糖脂代谢过程、促使胰岛β细胞功能障碍从而参与2型糖尿病的进展,也可在妊娠糖尿病中影响胎盘滋养层细胞的功能,同时还调控与糖尿病肾病、糖尿病视网膜病变、糖尿病心肌病等并发症有关的多种信号通路。本文主要对lncRNA在2型糖尿病、妊娠糖尿病和糖尿病并发症发生发展过程中所起的作用进行简要陈述,为寻找可能的生物标记物和治疗靶点提供理论依据。

Diabetes is a metabolic disease featuring hyperglycemia.It can lead to serious health issues affecting a large population worldwide and patients’quality of life.Long non-coding RNA(lncRNA)is a type of RNA that does not encode proteins.But it has been reported that LncRNA can influence numerous important gene expression processes,and it’s closely associated with the pathogenesis of diabetes.LncRNA can regulate insulin secretion leading to insulin resistance,change the metabolism of glucolipid and cause pancreaticβ-cell dysfunction and thus participate in the progression of type 2 diabetes.It has also been shown to influence the function of placental trophoblasts in gestational diabetes as well as regulate various signaling pathways associated with diabetes complications such as diabetic kidney disease,diabetic retinopathy,and diabetic cardiomyopathy.In this review,we summarize the studies that reveal the roles of lncRNA in the development of type 2 diabetes,gestational diabetes and diabetes complications,with the goal to assess the fundamental properties of lncRNA as well as identify qualified biomarkers and possible therapeutic targets.