泥河湾盆地山兑东旧石器地点初步研究

Discovery and preliminary study of the Shanduidong Paleolithic site in Nihewan Basin

2014年,河北省文物考古研究院在泥河湾盆地东缘大田洼台地南部发现山兑东旧石器地点,揭露面积约8 m2,发现石质标本81件,动物化石16件。石制品的原料以燧石为主;剥片以锤击法为主,少量砸击法产品;类型包括石锤、石核、石片、石器、残片、断块等,石片、石器以微型、小型的为主,石器包括刮削器、凹缺器、尖状器、钻器、雕刻器、砍砸器等,属于中国北方以小石器为主的石器工业。动物骨骼3件样品的AMS14C测年结果分别为43396~42271 BP cal、41940~40737 BP cal、36830~35885 BP cal,表明遗址处于旧石器时代晚期的早段。该遗址的石器技术继承更早的小石器技术,为探索旧石器时代晚期小石器技术的延续发展、石器技术的多样性以及早期现代人演化模式的复杂性提供了重要材料。

The Shanduidong paleolithic site,located at the east of Shandui Village in the south of Datianwa platform on the eastern edge of Nihewan Basin,was discovered by the research team of Hebei Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology in 2014,an excavation was carried out at this site,the area is 8 m2.During which 81 pieces of stone artifacts and 16 pieces of fossils were discovered.Chert is the main raw material of the stone artifacts,probably carried from Zhoujiashan which is four kilometers away from this site.Hammering is the main method for stripping,and there is also a small amount of stone artifacts is geared to bipolar technology.The stone artifacts are mainly in miniature and small size,and we divided them into different types,including stone hammer,cores,flakes,tools,fragments,chunks,and etc.There are a variety of tools in Shanduidong site.Such as scrapers,notches,points,borer,burin,chopper which pertain to the tradition of core-flake technology in northern China.The AMS 14C dating results were 43396~42271 BP cal,41940~40737 BP cal and 36830~35885 BP cal,which are in the early period of the Upper Paleolithic Age and represent the continuation and development of core-flake technology in Nihewan Basin for millions of years.In the meantime,it provides important materials for exploring the continuation and development of the core-flake technology,the diversity of the stone technology tradition as well as the complexity of the evolution pattern of early modern human beings during the Upper Paleolithic Period in Nihewan Basin even Northern China.The unique natural environment provides a stable and comfortable circumstance for the range of behavioral and adaptive strategies of tool-making and tool-using as well as daily activity adopted by human beings in this region and even Northern China.We should carry through more comprehensive archaeological investigation and excavation in the future.