从自治走向共治:平台经济“软硬协同”治理模式的确立及其展开

The Trend from Autonomy to Co-governance:The Establishment and Development of the Carrot and the Stick of the Collaborative Governance Model of the Platform Economy

现阶段,平台经营者不再满足于经济目标上的经营管理,而是通过制定平台规则、行使监管权以及处理平台纠纷,企图掌握一种“准公权力”。由于平台交易的规模化、场景化和分散化,政府监管逐渐失灵导致平台权力失控;合规压力不断增大导致平台权力泛化,这意味着传统分散治理模式已无法充分发挥治理成效,需要转变社会治理理念,构建一种协同共治的治理模式。平台规则虽具有“民间软法”的一系列弊端,但其同样具有和“硬法”共同维护平台生态系统健康运行的主观愿望,应构建一种“软硬协同”的平台经济治理模式。具体而言,政府应当在必要时主动行使监管权,实现平台规则和监管规则的有效对接;司法机关原则上应当尊重平台自治,不对平台规则的合理性做出过多评价,甚至是实质性审查;例外情况下,司法机关应当对平台自治不足或过度自治导致的一系列问题及时做出司法回应。

Nowadays platform operators are no longer satisfied with the operation and management of economic goals.Instead,they try to master a kind of quasi-public power by formulating platform rules,exercising supervisory power,and handling platform disputes.Due to the scale,scenario,and decentralization of platform transactions,the malfunction of government supervision has led to the loss of control of platform power.Besides,increasing compliance pressure leads to the generalization of platform power,reflecting the malfunction of traditional decentralized governance models,which can no longer bring governance effects.Thus,it is absolutely imperative to construct a new collaborative co-governance model to transform the concept of social governance.Although the platform rules such as the private soft law have a series of drawbacks,there is the subjective desire to operate harmoniously with the hard law to maintain the platform ecosystem.Therefore,the carrot and the stick of the collaborative governance model of the platform economy should be constructed to meet the real world needs.Concretely,the government,when necessary,should proactively exercise supervisory power to realize the coherence between platform rules and supervisory rules.Moreover,judicial organs should respect platform autonomy in principle,refrain from over-evaluating the rationality of platform rules or substantive review.Otherwise,judicial organs should promptly respond to a series of problems caused by insufficient or excessive platform autonomy under exceptional circumstances.