我国耕地保护制度回顾与思考

Review and Thinking on Cultivated Land Protection System in China

耕地保护是关乎14亿人吃饭的大事,关系到中华民族永续发展和人民生活幸福指数的持续提高。中华人民共和国成立以来,耕地保护制度经历了探索、发展、完善和深化等四个发展阶段。党和政府历来高度重视耕地保护,在不同时期和阶段,根据耕地国情和耕地保护民意,制定了一系列耕地保护制度,缓解了经济社会发展与耕地资源的矛盾。受耕地资源权属关系、行政管理体制、耕地保护主体、耕地保护制度的伦理等多种因素影响,耕地保护制度已经从单纯的数量保护,发展到数量、质量并重保护,再到数量、质量、生态、能力的整体保护。未来必须抓紧推进最严格的耕地保护制度的出台,更加重视土地伦理监督,进一步构筑起牢不可破的耕地保护防线。

Cultivated land protection is a major event related to the eating issue of 1.4 billion people,and is concerns the sustainable development of Chinese nation and the ongoing raising of the life happiness index of the populace.Since the founding of the People's Republic of China,the cultivated land protection system has gone through four stages of development:exploration,development,improvement,and deepening.The Communist Party of China and the Chinese government have always attached great importance to the cultivated land protection.In response to the national conditions of cultivated land and the public opinion on cultivated land protection,a series of cultivated land protection systems have been developed at various time and period to mitigate the conflict between social-economic development and cultivated land resources.Influenced by multiple factors including the cultivated land resources ownership relations,administrative management system,cultivated land protection subject,cultivated land protection system ethics,the cultivated land protection system has evolved from pure quantity protection to equal emphasis on quantity and quality protection,and then to the overall protection of quantity,quality,ecology and ability.In the future,it is necessary to expedite the implementation of the toughest cultivated land protection system,pay more attention to land ethics supervision,and further establish an unbroken defense line of cultivated land protection.