卫星用高能激光防护技术发展现状

Development Status of High Energy Laser Protection Technology for Satellites

高能激光技术不断发展,逐渐成为卫星在轨安全的威胁。介绍了高能连续激光和脉冲激光武器对卫星损伤机制的研究进展。针对卫星太阳电池阵、相机、星敏感器等光学系统以及热控多层、复合材料推进剂储箱等非光学关键结构防护特点,总结分析了线性光学防护薄膜、非线性光学防护薄膜、相变材料、机械快门、高损伤阈值薄膜和防护罩等各种高能激光防护技术的主要原理、发展现状和技术特点。

The continuous development of high-energy laser technology has gradually become a practical threat to the safety of satellites in orbit.This article introduces the research progress on the damage mechanism of high-energy laser weapons on satellites,and clarifies the damage mechanisms of high-energy continuous laser and pulse laser.And based on the protection characteristics of optical systems such as satellite solar cell arrays,cameras,star sensors,as well as non-optical key structures such as thermal control multilayer and composite propellant storage tanks,the main principles,development status,and technical characteristics of various high-energy laser protection technologies such as linear optical protection films,nonlinear optical protection films,phase change materials,mechanical shutters,high damage threshold films,and protective covers were summarized and analyzed.