能动司法与刑法的功能解释

Active Judiciary and Functional Interpretation of Criminal Law

立法与司法之间存在一种功能秩序,司法并不是对立法“照本宣科式”的适用,而是有一定的能动空间。能动司法旨在矫正法条主义的危机,是新时代刑事司法高质量发展的体现,有利于形成立法与司法之间的功能秩序。能动司法与刑法立法的科学性之间并不矛盾,遵循科学立法原则并不意味着对能动司法的否定,两者完全可以同时运行。能动司法需要提倡与发展刑法的功能解释,避免出现“合法但不合理”的解释结论,这不仅需要重视个罪之保护法益的出罪功能,强调因保护法益的欠缺或法益恢复而出罪,而且需要把刑事政策作为刑法解释之价值判断的来源,强化对刑法解释的后果考察,为法律议论开辟制度空间。同时,受制于罪刑法定原则,刑法的功能解释需要确立“只能在出罪、罪轻意义上可以突破刑法文义的射程,在入罪、重罪意义上不能僭越刑法文义的射程”的解释规则,对扩大解释与类推适用进行合理区分,并强化对司法解释的合理性适用。

There is a functional order between legislation and judicature,and judicature is not the application of"reading from the book"of legislation,but there is a certain space for active judiciary.Active judiciary aims to correct the crisis of legalism,which is the embodiment of the high-quality development of criminal justice in the new era,and is conducive to the formation of a functional order between legislation and justice.There is no contradiction between active judiciary and the scientificity of criminal law legislation.Following the principle of scientific legislation does not mean the negation of active judiciary.Active judiciary needs to advocate and develop functional interpretation of criminal law to avoid the conclusion of"lega l but unreasonable"interpretation,which not only needs to pay attention to the crime function of the protection law interests of individual crimes and emphasize the crime caused by the lack of protection law interests or the restoration of legal interests,but also needs to take criminal policy as the source of value judgment of criminal law interpretation and strengthen the investigation of the consequences of criminal law interpretation and open up institutional space for legal discussion.At the same time,subject to the principle of legality of crime,functional interpretation of criminal law needs to establish an interpretation rule that"can only break the range of criminal law's text in the sense of crime and minor crime,and cannot exceed the range of criminal law's text in the sense of crime and felony",making a reasonable distinction between expanded interpretation and analogical application,and strengthening the review of the constitutionality of judicial interpretation.