霸伯盂铭文所记西周朝聘礼补论

Supplementary study on the rites of diplomatic activities in the inscription of Babo Yu vessel from the Western Zhou

山西翼城大河口墓地M1017出土霸伯盂铭文所记西周朝聘礼是周穆王制礼的重要金文依据,笔者曾就霸伯盂铭文所记西周朝聘礼进行过详细考证。本文就前论未及者略作补证,所补论者有如下几项:其一,霸伯盂铭所记朝聘礼第二日伯老摈传王命之后,行享聘之礼时言“遣宾”与首日行礼之时所言“延宾”有所区别,第二日正礼伯老代天子行事,“遣宾”强调伯老身份尊贵、霸伯身份相对较低,与《仪礼·特牲馈食礼》宗人“遣宾就主人”所陈礼义相类。其二,霸伯盂铭两度赠贿玉(命圭)皆言“原贿”,“原贿”强调赠贿玉(命圭)之时谨敬的仪容,可与《仪礼·聘礼·记》《论语·乡党篇》所记执圭之容对读。其三,霸伯盂铭文所记首日之礼与《仪礼·聘礼》的私觌之礼更为接近,翌日正礼参用《仪礼·觐礼》和《仪礼·聘礼》二礼的礼程,这种礼程安排,既符合伯老摈传天子之命、申明君臣之义,又顾及了伯老、霸伯的宾主情谊,反映了周人周顾大义和人情的礼制精神。

The inscription on the bronze Yu vessel of Babo at Dahekou cemetery in Yicheng county,Shanxi Province is a piece of important historic text for study the official diplomatic activities between two states during the King Muwang in Western Zhou Dynasty.The details of the diplomatic process had been studied totally through the textual criticism,but there are still some points supplementary are needed as followed:Firstly,Qianbin遣宾is different with the Yanbin延宾.Further more the former represented by Bolao伯老who act instead of the king,his status is higher than the latter,Babo,the lord of Ba State.This is identical with the meaning of Qianbin jiu Zhuren遣宾就主人,in the book of rites;Secondly,the word Yuanhui原贿that was mentioned twice in the inscription is in order to emphasize their deferential and respectful appearance when they are granting and accepting the Minggui命圭,which could be referenced with the similar contents Zhigui执圭,in the book of rites and the Analects;Thirdly,the diplomatic activities on first day is equal to the rite that non-official meet between officials,the activities on the second day is much more formal,which could be refer to the process of Jinli觐礼and Pinli聘礼in the book of Rites.Such etiquette rules reflected not only the honourable official capacity of Bolao伯老who represented the king to deliver the imperial orders,but also the personal relationships and friendships between the guest and the host had been considered.It also embodied the etiquette spirit of Zhou people who took count of both the national interests and nobles’personal feelings.