甲骨文“骨”“冎”辨释

On the Interpretation of Gua(冎)and Gu(骨)in Oracle Bones

甲骨文■等字形通常隶释作“冎”字,与其密切相关的■等字形旧释“骨”(冎),或释“■”,现在许多学者则释作“肩”。依据■等字形在甲骨卜辞中的用法,以及古文字和传世典籍等材料,并从■等字形与相关文字的形、音、义关系来分析,释“肩”依据不充分、不妥当,释“骨”更为合理。通过释论■等形及相关文字的释读问题,进而辨释“■”与“■”两种字形的形、音、义关系,我们认为甲骨文“■”与“■”已明显分化为两个字——“■”释读为“冎”,“■”等形则应释读为“骨”,也就是说“■”与“■”表示的是“冎”“骨”两个不同的词。

The oracle bone glyph■was often interpreted as‘骨’(冎),or‘■’in previous literature.Nevertheless,recent studies often transcribe this glyph as the character‘肩’.Meanwhile,another oracle bone glyph,■,which is also related to,is often interpreted as‘冎’.This paper comprehensively analyzes the relationship between the structure,phonic component,and meaning of the glyph■and many other related glyphs based on related records in oracle bones,transmitted literature,and other unearthed textual materials.As a result,the author suggests that the interpretation of the glyph■as‘肩’is not supported by evidence.Instead,it is more appropriate to transcribe this glyph as“骨”.In addition,this paper suggests that the glyphs and in oracle bones should represent two distinctive characters:namely,‘■’as‘冎’,and‘■’as‘骨’.In other words,‘■’and‘■’should represent‘冎’and‘骨’,respectively.