土地环境违规行政处罚对地区绿色生产效率的影响

On the Impact of Administrative Penalties for EnvironmentalViolations of Land Use on Regional Green Production Efficiency

土地环境执法体系的完善,有助于激发土地空间资源的潜在能量,从而有力推动地区绿色发展。土地环境违规行政处罚作为土地环境执法的重要手段,随着社会经济的变化,不断维持着经济发展与环境治理两者的谐和关系,深刻影响着地区经济绿色发展的方向。目前,我国的土地环境违规行政处罚尽管有力降低了污染物排放,却未能提升地区的绿色生产效率,这反映出地方政府未能有效权衡经济增长与污染治理的关系。欠发达地区通过减少处罚换取增长绩效,发达地区则以过度处罚换取污染治理绩效,二者都没有综合地从治理效率的角度考虑问题。为使治理效率整体上最大化,地方政府一方面应侧重于针对违法事件作出处罚,而非直接限制市场主体的生产经营活动,另一方面应完善环境治理的激励机制,调动市县及以下各级基层政府环境治理的积极性。

Under the new concept of high-quality economic development,improving the land environmental law enforcement system can help stimulate the enormous role of land resources in promoting regional green development.Administrative penalties for land environmental violations,as an important means of land environmental law enforcement,continue to maintain a harmonious relationship between economic development and environmental governance with the changes in social economy,profoundly affecting the direction of green development of regional economy.Currently,although administrative penalties for land environment violations have effectively reduced pollutant emissions,they have failed to improve the green production efficiency of the region.This indicates the current failure of local governments to effectively balance the relationship between economic growth and pollution control:in less developed regions penalties for pollution emission is reduced to achieve economic growth which is the priority of local government,while in developed regions excessive penalties is exerted to pursue pollution control performance——all regions do not comprehensively achieve"governance efficiency".In order to maximize the overall efficiency of governance,on one hand,local governments should focus on punishing illegal events instead of directly restricting the production and operation activities of market entities.On the other hand,local governments should improve the incentive mechanism for environmental governance and motivate the enthusiasm of grass-roots governments at the city,county and the lower levels for environmental governance.