《日讲春秋解义》的悬置与清初文治政策的嬗变

The Suspension of Ri Jiang Chun Qiu Jie Yi and the Evolution of Cultural Policy in the Early Qing Dynasty

《日讲春秋解义》成书后并未颁行,雍正以未合康熙圣意为由,命方苞删改与重塑。然康熙激赏胡安国学说,要求儒臣进讲以《春秋胡氏传》为宗,《日讲春秋解义》悬置未刻是因高士奇进讲《春秋》仅属南书房侍讲。雍正要求删去《日讲春秋解义》涉及胡安国学说的篇幅,实是排斥胡安国对华夷之辨的讨论,试图以孝道文饰真实用意。乾隆亦在御制序言中夸大朱熹对胡安国学说的不满,指责胡安国解经以义理穿凿,似尊朱而实曲解朱子之意。康熙、雍正、乾隆对《日讲春秋解义》的态度以及对胡安国春秋学的看法,折射三代君主的华夷观念及相应的文治政策,尤凸显康熙会通古今、不拘满汉的开明通达。

Ri Jiang Chun Qiu Jie Yi was compiled from the lecture notes of Chun Qiu written by Gao Shiqi.However,Gao Shiqi’s Jinjiang of Chun Qiu was different from the Jingyan Rijiang,and belonged to the Nanshufang Shijiang,so it was not published immediately after its completion.Emperor Yongzheng ordered Fang Bao to delete and refute the words related to Hu Anguo’s theory and to complete the reconstruction of Ri Jiang Chun Qiu Jie Yi.In fact,Kangxi admired Hu Anguo’s theory and requested officials to take Hu Anguo’s Chun Qiu learning as a reference.Yongzheng asked to delete Hu Anguo’s Chun Qiu learning in Ri Jiang Chun Qiu Jie Yi,because he rejected the debate of Hua Yi and tried to decorate his real intention with filial piety.Ri Jiang Chun Qiu Jie Yi was promulgated in 1737.In the preface,Qianlong also exaggerated Zhu Xi’s dissatisfaction with Hu Anguo’s Chun Qiu learning,accusing Hu Anguo of interpreting scriptures with righteousness,which twisted Zhu Xi’s meaning.Kangxi,Yongzheng and Qianlong’s attitudes towards Ri Jiang Chun Qiu Jie Yi and Hu Anguo’s Chun Qiu learning reflected the different cultural policies of the three periods,and highlighted Kangxi’s enlightened view.