日本政治思想中的《太平记》——以君臣形象的重构为中心

The Japanese Political Ideas in Taiheiki—Focusing on the Reestablishment of Emperor-Minister Relationship

成书于日本中世的军记物语《太平记》儒家思想浓厚,在近世、近代的政治思想建构中发挥着极其重要作用,广泛传播并有持续影响。近世水户学派为阐释德川幕府政权的正当性而对《太平记》中的君臣形象作了重构,建构了“后醍醐天皇—新田义贞”君臣形象。幕末以中下层武士为中心的维新志士将经幕府重构的忠臣楠木正成作为尊皇的楷模并将其神格化,推翻幕府建立了以天皇为中心的近代国家。明治新政府通过国民教育重构了“后醍醐天皇—楠木正成”君臣形象,使之经典化,为近代国家主义、军国主义服务。

The Gunkimonogtari Taiheiki,accomplished in the Middle Ages,was rich in Confucianism.Both popular and continuously influential,it played a very important role in the sparking of Japan’s political ideas from early modern to modern period.To justify the Tokugawa shogunate regime,the Mitogaku of early modern period reconstructed and established the emperor-minister relationship,i.e.,Emperor Godaigo and Nitta Yoshisada.However,by the end of the regime,the reformers,who were mostly lower middle-class warriors,re-set the loyal minister Kusunoki Masashige as a good example of respecting Emperor and deified him.They toppled the regime and founded the Emperor-centered modern country.Rely­ing on national education,the Meiji administration reestablished the emperor-min­ister relationship of Emperor Godaigo and Kusunoki Masashige,and stereotyped it to serve modern natationalism and militarism.