聚酰亚胺气凝胶的制备及结构与性能研究进展

Preparation,Structure and Properties of Polyimide Aerogels

气凝胶是一种具有三维纳米多孔网络的固体材料,其孔隙中分布着气态介质。气凝胶具有低密度、高孔隙率和低热导率的特点,广泛应用于航空航天、电子通讯、阻燃隔热、储能、吸附、催化及传感等领域。文中调研了近年来聚酰亚胺气凝胶的相关研究进展,讨论了聚酰亚胺气凝胶的制备、结构与功能的关系等,指出未来发展聚酰亚胺气凝胶可以从提高力学强度、降低热导率方面入手,为聚酰亚胺气凝胶在隔热等领域中的应用提供参考。

Aerogel is a solid material with three-dimensional nanoporous network with gaseous mediums dispersed in its pores.With low density,high porosity and low thermal conductivity,aerogels are widely used in aerospace,electronic communication,flame retardant and thermal insulation,energy storage,adsorption,catalysis and sensing.This paper investigated the research progress of polyimide aerogels in recent years,discussed the preparation,structure-function relationship of polyimide aerogels,and pointed out that the future development of polyimide aerogels can start from improving the mechanical strength and reducing the thermal conductivity,and provided reference for the application of polyimide aerogels in thermal insulation and other fields.