甲壳素纳米纤维的制备及在生物质材料中的应用研究进展

Preparation of Chitin Nanofibers and Its Application in Biomass Materials

甲壳素纳米纤维(Chitinnanofiber,ChNF)基于其自身的高纵横比、高比表面积、低密度和丰富的官能团在生物质材料研究领域备受关注。甲壳素主要来源于蟹、虾等甲壳纲动物外壳、鱿鱼顶骨、蘑菇等真菌植物的细胞壁。近年来,有关甲壳素表面改性及在食品、化工等领域的应用已被综述,但甲壳素的纳米化制备及甲壳素纳米纤维功能化应用在生产工艺、综合性能等方面的总结还有待进一步完善。文中综述了生物体中甲壳素的提取方法、纳米化制备工艺及甲壳素纳米纤维功能化应用的研究进展,分别介绍了甲壳素纳米纤维制得的光学透明材料、高强度凝胶材料、高强度丝线、可降解包装材料和以甲壳素纳米纤维作为增强相的复合材料等在柔性显示、柔性传感、智慧包装、生物医药、组织工程及可降解包装等生物质材料领域的应用。最后,对甲壳素纳米纤维的制备及功能化应用的未来研究发展方向进行了展望,以期为后续研究者开发新型功能化甲壳素纳米纤维材料提供参考。

Chitin nanofiber(ChNF)has attracted much attention in biomass materials because of its high aspect ratio,high specific surface area,low density and rich functional groups.Chitin mainly comes from shells of crustaceans such as crabs and shrimps,squid parietal bones and cell walls of fungal plants such as mushrooms.In recent years,the surface modification of chitin and its applications in food,chemical and other fields have been reviewed.However,the summary of nano-preparation of chitin and functional application of chitin nanofibers in production technology and comprehensive performance needs to be further improved.In this paper,the research progress of extraction methods,nano-preparation technology and functional applications of chitin nanofibers in organisms were reviewed.Optical transparent materials,high-strength gel materials,high-strength silk threads,degradable packaging materials made from chitin nanofibers,composite materials with chitin nanofibers as reinforcing phase and their applications in biomass material fields such as flexible display,flexible sensing,intelligent packaging,biomedicine,tissue engineering and degradable packaging were introduced.Finally,the future research directions of the preparation and functional applications of chitin nanofibers were prospected,in order to provide reference for later researchers to develop new functional chitin nanofibers.