制度与选择:安万铨对水西的贡献及水西君长职位的传承——以《新修千岁衢碑记》为个案的研究

System and Choice:An Wanquan's Contribution to the Inheritance of Shuixi Monarch's Position——A Case Study of"New Qiansuiqu Stele"

明代的土司承袭制度,朝廷允许土司家族内部通过推荐传承人,报告朝廷批准后任职。这给土司职位在家族内部的承袭很大的选择权。水西彝族阿哲家族从蜀汉建兴三年间受命建立罗甸国、元明时期建立土司政权到康熙三十七年改土归流,一共以家族世袭形式传承了1474年,这与朝廷的制度设计及水西家族选贤任能的方式密切相关,体现出水西君长职位的传承具有一定的科学性,得到了中央王朝的肯定和民众的拥护。《千岁衢碑记》的刻凿部分说明了这一重要政治权力传承方式的合理性,至今仍然有借鉴价值和现实意义。

The inheritance system of chieftains in the Ming dynasty allowed the chieftain family to recommend inheritors and report them to the court for approval before taking office.The regimes of the Shuixi'azhe family were established from the Shu Han period to the Kangxi period,and were inherited in the form of family lineage for a total of 1474 years.This is closely related to the design of the court system and the way of selection and appointment talents in the Shuixi family,reflecting the scientific nature of the inheritance of the Shuixi monarch position,which has been recognized by the central dynasty and supported by the people.The carved part of The Stele of The Stele of Qiansuiqu explains the rationality of this important way of inheriting Political power,which still has reference value and practical significance.